语法复习十五：形容词和副词
比较级和最高级及其使用
形容词的比较级和最高级
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说 明 |
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例 词 |
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一般情况 |
加er, est |
smaller,smallest |
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以e 结尾 |
加r,st |
larger,largest |
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单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est |
以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 |
改y为i，再加er,est |
busier,busiest |
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重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 |
双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est |
fatter,fattest |
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以ow,er结尾的双音节词 |
加er ,est |
narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest |
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多数双音节和多音节的词 |
加more most |
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more beautiful, most important |
副词的比较级和最高级
1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。
几个特殊的形容词和副词
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原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
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good ,well |
better |
best |
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bad, ill, badly |
worse |
worst |
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many ,much |
more |
most |
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little |
less |
least |
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far |
farther, further |
farthest,further |
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old |
older, elder |
oldest, eldest |
比较级和最高级的常用句型
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名称 |
句型 |
例句 |
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相等 |
as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) |
The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend. |
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不及 |
not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) |
She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister. |
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比较级+ than |
Health is more important than wealth. |
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超越 |
the +比较级+of the two 两者中较… 的一个 |
He is the taller of the two. |
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用于否定 |
no +比较级+than 和…一样不 |
He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。 |
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用于否定 |
最…不过 |
His work couldn't be worse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。 |
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程度递增 |
er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) |
higher and higher more and more important |
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两种情况同时变化 |
the +比较级，the+比较级 （越…，越…） |
The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave. |
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三者或三者以上比较 |
the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 （…之中最…） |
Of all things in the world, people are the precious. |
比较级结构的修饰语
1．用于原级之前：
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
John is almost as tall as you.
The river is three times as long as that one.
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
2．用于比较级前
many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)
It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.
It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
3．用于形容词和最高级前
the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second
This hat is by far the largest in the world.
Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .